Mystery Foliage! Help me help my new yard...

So, Joe and I have moved into the new house, and we're slooooowly getting settled as well as cleaning up the old place.

Since the new house has been empty for so long, the yard has not been kept up, and so we'll soon have to tackle the jungle before it takes over the house (or the neighbors lose patience!)!

I know little to nothing about plants, yards, and the care of either, so I'm asking for help in identifying the growth in the yard as well as help figuring out how to take care of it. So, PLEASE let me know if you know what any of these things are:

#1

#2

#3

#4

Anyone???